醫(yī)學(xué)論文范文:微創(chuàng)穿刺引流術(shù)治療高血壓腦出血的臨床研究
【摘要】 目的 探討微創(chuàng)穿刺引流術(shù)治療高血壓腦出血的臨床效果。方法 80例高血壓腦出血患者隨機(jī)分為觀察組及對(duì)照組各40例,比較兩種治療方法的病死率以及總有效率。結(jié)果 觀察組總有效率72.5%,高于對(duì)照組的42.5% (P<0.05),且觀察組病死率明顯低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05);觀察組術(shù)后無(wú)1例感染,發(fā)生再出血2例。結(jié)論 顱內(nèi)血腫微創(chuàng)穿刺治療高血壓腦出血有較高的臨床實(shí)用價(jià)值,療效明顯優(yōu)于內(nèi)科保守治療,值得基層醫(yī)院推廣應(yīng)用。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 高血壓; 腦出血; 微創(chuàng)穿刺
Clinical research of applying miniinvasive puncture and drainage in the treatment of hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage WU Haiqing.Shijie Hospital, Dongguan 523000,China
【Abstract】 Objective To explore the clinical efficiency of miniinvasive puncture and drainage in the treatment of hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage.Methods 80 cases of hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage were randomly divided into the miniinvasive group and 40 cases of the control group to compare the death rate and the total effective rate between the two methods. Results The effective rate in the therapy group (72.5%)was significantly higher than that of the control group (42.5%,χ2 = 8.12,P<0.05) and the morality in the treatment was significantly lower than that of the control group. There was not any case of infection,but there were 2 cases of rehaemorrhagia. Conclusion Miniinvasive treatment of intracranial hematoma puncture of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage has a higher value in the clinical application, whose efficacy is superior to conservative medical treatment, and it is worth promoting in the grassroots hospital.
【Key words】 Hypertension;Cerebral hemorrhage;Miniinvasive puncture
近年來(lái)我科采用YL1型穿刺針局麻下行微創(chuàng)穿刺顱內(nèi)血腫引流-尿激酶液化血腫手術(shù)治療高血壓腦出血,創(chuàng)傷小,病人家屬易接受,具有操作簡(jiǎn)單、安全、實(shí)用、手術(shù)時(shí)間短、效果好等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。我院對(duì)40例高血壓腦出血患者行微創(chuàng)穿刺引流,取得了顯著療效醫(yī).學(xué)全.在.線網(wǎng)站m.52667788.cn。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料 我院2002年5月~2009年1月共收治出血量≥25 ml的高血壓腦出血患者80例, 隨機(jī)分為觀察組及對(duì)照組,觀察組行微創(chuàng)穿刺引流術(shù)共40例,男22例,女18例,年齡40~78歲;對(duì)照組行內(nèi)科保守治療共40例,男25例,女15例,年齡45~76歲。出血部位:觀察組丘腦基底節(jié)15例、內(nèi)囊10例、外囊13例、皮質(zhì)下2例;對(duì)照組丘腦基底節(jié)16例、內(nèi)囊18例、外囊2例、皮質(zhì)下4例。兩組病例年齡、性別、出血部位具有可比性。
1.2 臨床表現(xiàn) 患者均為突然發(fā)病,失語(yǔ)8例,惡心、嘔吐13例。其中昏迷19例,頭痛伴一側(cè)肢體癱瘓22例。一側(cè)瞳孔散大22例,雙側(cè)瞳孔散大4例。
1.3 治療方法 兩組患者均常規(guī)行脫水、調(diào)整血壓、保護(hù)腦細(xì)胞、預(yù)防及處理并發(fā)癥等內(nèi)科治療。觀察組行微創(chuàng)穿刺引流術(shù):血腫穿刺在床旁操作,患者取臥位,根據(jù)頭顱CT確定穿刺點(diǎn)和穿刺深度,以出血量最多、血腫最接近顱骨的CT層面為穿刺點(diǎn),并避開(kāi)大腦中動(dòng)脈及重要功能區(qū)。局麻錐顱鉆孔后,用導(dǎo)絲引導(dǎo)內(nèi)徑3.5 mm硅膠管直接穿刺,進(jìn)入血腫腔中心后,拔出導(dǎo)絲,連接注射器,抽吸血腫液,第1次清除血腫總量的20%~40%,以后根據(jù)病情注入尿激酶鹽水溶解凝固血塊,1~2次/d,每次夾管4~6 h后開(kāi)放引流,待血腫清除達(dá)70%~80%時(shí)即可拔管,一般引流3~6 d。
1.4 療效評(píng)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 按全國(guó)第四屆腦血管病學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)議通過(guò)的腦卒中患者臨床神經(jīng)功能缺損程度評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(CSS)[1]進(jìn)行評(píng)分。