（7)內(nèi)臟出血的表示方法
• [Goldstein’s hemoptysis]戈耳斯坦氏咯血
• [Massive hematemesis]大量嘔血
• [Epistasis (Nosebleed;Nasal bleeding; Hemorrhinia;rhinorrhagia)]鼻衄
• [Hematuria] 血尿
• [Initial hematuria] 初血尿
• [Idiopathic hematuria] 特發(fā)性血尿
• [Painless hematuria] 無(wú)痛性血尿
• [Terminal hematuria] 終末性血尿
• [Gross (Macroscopic) hematuria] 肉眼血尿
• [Microscopic hematuria] 鏡下血尿
• [Hematuria in the whole process of urination] 全程血尿
• [Gingival bleeding (Ulaemorrhagia;gum bleeding)] 牙齦出血
• [Hematochezia] 便血
• [Bloody stool] 血便
• [Black stool (Melena)] 黑便
• [Tarry stool] 柏油樣便
• [Bleeding following trauma] 外傷后出血
• [Spontaneous bleeding] 自發(fā)性出血
• [Bleeding Continuously] 持續(xù)出血
• [Occult blood,OB] 隱血
• [Hematobilia] 膽道出血
• [Hemathorax] 血胸
• [Hemarthrosis] 關(guān)節(jié)積血
• [Hematocoelia] 腹腔積血
• [Hematoma] 血腫
• [Hemopericardium] 心包積血
• [Cerebral hemorrhage] 腦出血
• [Subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH)] 蛛網(wǎng)膜下腔出血
• [Excessive (Heavy) menstrual flow with passage of clots] 月經(jīng)量多伴血塊
• [Mild (Moderate) menses] 月經(jīng)量少（中等)
• [Painless Vaginal bleeding] 無(wú)痛性陰道出血
• [Postcoital bleeding] 性交后出血
• [Pulsating bleeding] 搏動(dòng)性出血
• [Post-operation wound hemorrhage] 術(shù)后傷口出血
• [Excessive bleeding after denal extraction] 拔牙后出血過(guò)多
（8)紫紺的表示方法
• [Congenital cyanosis] 先天性紫紺
• [Enterogenous] 腸源性
• [Central] 中樞性
• [Peripheral] 周圍性
• [Mixed] 混合性
• [Acrocyanosis] 指端紫紺
（9)惡心與嘔吐的表示方法
• [Vomiturition (Retching)] 干嘔
• [Feel nauseated] 惡心感
• [Postprandial nausea] 飯后惡心
• [Hiccup] 呃逆
• [Sour regurgitation] 返酸
• [Fecal (Stercoraceous) vomiting] 吐糞
• [undigested food Vomiting] 吐不消化食物
• [Bilious Vomiting] 吐膽汁
（10)腹瀉與便秘的表示方法
• [Moning diarrhea] 晨瀉
• [Watery (Liquid)diarrhea] 水瀉
• [Mucous diarrhea] 粘液瀉
• [Fatty diarrhea] 脂肪瀉
• [Chronic (Acute)] 慢性（急性)
• [Mild diarrhea] 輕度腹瀉
• [Intractable (Uncontrolled)diarrhea] 難治性腹瀉
• [Protracted diarrhea] 遷延性腹瀉
• [Bloody stool] 血梗
• [Frothy stool] 泡沫樣便
• [Formless (Formed)stool] 不成形（成形)便
• [Loose (Hard) stool] �。ㄓ�)便
• [Rice-water stool] 米泔樣便
• [Undigested stool] 不消化便
• [Dysenteric diarrhea] 痢疾樣腹瀉
• [Inflammatory diarrhea] 炎癥性腹瀉
• [Osmotic] 滲透性
• [Secretory] 分泌性
• [Malabsorption] 吸收不良性
• [Lienteric] 消化不良性
• [Pancreatic diarrhea] 胰性腹瀉
• [Tenesmus] 里急后重醫(yī)學(xué).全在.線www.med126.com
• [Pass a stool (Have a passage; open or relax the bowel)] 解大便
• [Have a call of nature] 便意
• [Fecal incontinence (Copracrasia)] 大便失禁
• [Functional constipation] 功能性便秘
• [Organic constipation] 器質(zhì)性便秘
• [Habitual constipation] 習(xí)慣性便秘
• [Have a tendency to be constipated] 便秘傾向
（11)黃疸的表示方法
• [Latent (occult) jaundice] 隱性黃疸
• [Clinical jaundice] 顯性黃疸
• [Nuclear icterus] 核黃疸
• [Physiologic icterus] 生理性黃疸
• [Icterus simplex] 傳染性黃疸
• [Toxemic icterus] 中毒性黃疸
• [Hemolytic] 溶血性
• [Hepatocellular] 肝細(xì)胞性
• [Obstructive] 阻塞性
• [Congenital] 先天性
• [Familial] 家族性
• [Cholestatic] 膽汁淤積性
• [Hematogenous] 血源性
• [Malignant] 惡性
• [Painless] 無(wú)痛性
（12)意識(shí)障礙的表示方法
• [Somnolence] 嗜睡
• [Confusion] 意識(shí)模糊
• [Stupor] 昏睡
• [Coma] 昏迷
• [Delirium] 譫妄
• [Syncope (swoon; faint)] 暈厥
• [Drowsiness] 倦睡
（13)排尿的表示方法
• [Enuresis (Bed-wetting)] 遺尿
• [Anuria] 無(wú)尿
• [Emiction interruption] 排尿中斷
• [Interruption of urinary stream] 尿線中斷
• [Nocturia] 夜尿
• [Oliguria] 少尿
• [Polyuria] 多尿
• [Pass water (Make water; urinate; micturition)] 排尿
• [Frequent micturition (Frequency of micturition; fruquent urination;
Pollakiuria)] 尿頻
• [Urgent micturition (Urgency of urination or micturition)] 尿急
• [Urodynia (Pain on micturition; painful micturition; alginuresis; micturition pain)] 尿痛
• [Dysuria (Difficulty in micturition; disturbance of micturition)] 排尿困難
• [Small urinary stream] 尿線細(xì)小
• [Void with a good stream] 排尿通暢
• [Guttate emiction (Dribbling following urination;terminal dribbling)] 滴尿
• [Bifurcation of urination] 尿流分叉
• [Residual urine] 殘余尿
• [Extravasation of urine] 尿外滲
• [Stress incontinence] 壓力性尿失禁
• [Overflow incontinence] 溢出性尿失禁
• [Paradoxical in continence] 反常性尿失禁
