十四、胃腸 Stomach & Bowels
（1)當空腹時，他感覺胃里不舒服。
He has a certain disagreeable felling in the stomach when it is empty.
※胃
-胃不調(diào) upset stomach
-消化不良 have bad (impaired: defective) digestion; suffer from indigestion ( dyspepsia)
-胃有毛病 have a disordered stomach ( stomach disorder); something is wrong with one’s stomach.
-因過食而傷胃 injure one＇s stomach by overeating oneself
-覺食物積滯胃中 feel heavy on the stomach
-食物不易消化lie (sit) heavy on one’s stomach
Ex1:自從那時起，消化便已失常。
Thereafter, the digestion was not really good.
（2)曾有過一時性的惡心和嘔吐，但并沒有食欲不振或體重減少發(fā)生。
Transient nausea and vomiting was present, but no anorexia or weight loss occurred.
※惡心
-欲嘔 feel nauseated
-有晨吐 have morning sickness
-夜吐（飯后惡心) nocturnal (postprandial) nausea
-暈船（車) be sea- (car-) sick
-有點惡心 have (experience) some nausea
-嚴重的作嘔 have considerable retching
-里急后重時發(fā)生惡心和嘔吐 have a spell of N & V while straining at stool
-患食欲不振和惡心 be anorexic and nauseated
-偶而惡心和嘔吐 develop occasional nausea and vomiting
-老是溢酸，感覺腹脹 burp all the time, feel bloated
-吐出清凈透明的胃容物 with vomiting of clear gastric contents
-嘔吐停了，消失了vomiting stopped (ceased), cleared
-止吐 settle the stomach
-打噎 belch (eruct; eructate)
Ex1:這病人惡心，曾嘔吐了含有膽汁液體數(shù)次。
The patient developed nausea and vomited bile-stained fluid on several occasions.
Ex2:當要嘔吐時，他發(fā)覺有嚴重的腹上部痛和劇烈的頭痛。
With the advent of vomiting, he noted severe epigastric pain as well as severe
headache.
（3)在第2天中午，她開始嘔吐，隨后嘔吐膽汁質(zhì)物。
At noon on the following day she stared vomiting food, which was followed by bile-stained material.
※嘔吐
-在病發(fā)時嘔吐2次 vomit twice at the onset
-極度反胃 regurgitate food violently
Ex1:一小時后，他吐出不含血液的水質(zhì)樣東西。
One hour later, he vomited watery material containing no blood.
Ex2:有時這病人在發(fā)作最厲害時，嘔吐1、2次。
Sometimes the patient vomited once or twice at the height of the attack.
※嘔吐物
Ex1:昨天早晨的嘔吐物，被形容為含有未消化的食物和綠水，無血。
The vomitus of yesterday morning was described as containing indigested food and
greenish water with no evidence of blood.
Ex2:最初的嘔吐物是透明的，但據(jù)說住院治療之前的嘔吐物，帶有褐色。
The vomitus was initially clear but just before hospitalization was said to brownish.
（4)他開始有多次、帶泡沫和臭味的大便。
He began to have frequent, frothy, foul-smelling stools.
※大便
-解大便 open (relax; evacuate) the bowel; have a passage
-有便意 have a call of nature
-有1次（2次)大便 have a motion (two motions)
-沒有大便 be constipated
-平均每天大便12次 averaged 12 stools daily
-發(fā)覺糞便中有很多血 noticed gross blood in one＇s stools
-開始一天解8次松的多脂糞便 began to pass 8 loose greasy stools per day
-大便增加到一天4~5次 stools increased in number to 4 or 5 daily
-更換尿布時有些糞便 have some stool in each diaper change
Ex1:大便次數(shù)減少了，但他仍然每天繼續(xù)有2~3次大量的稀大便。
The stools became fewer in number but he still continued to have 2~3 large loose
stools daily.
Ex2:住院前2個月，她發(fā)覺黑色大便，但卻把它忽略過去了。
Two months before admission she had noticed black stools but she disregarded them.
※大便檢查
-種類 ordinary, dry, hard, loose(soft), large, watery(liquid), formed, formless, frothy, mucous, bloody, rice-water, pea-soup, tarry
-臭味 odorless, extremely foul, sour, putrid, less offensive in odor, offensive but no excessively foul
-顏色 black, tarry, brownish-black, brown, red, green, yellow, light-brown, grey-white (clay-colored)
Ex1:大便的粗細和硬度正常，且從未呈黑色。
The stools were of normal caliber and consistency and have never been black.
Ex2:大便顏色很淡，并且軟如泥。醫(yī)學 全在.線提供www.med126.com
Stools were very light in color and of mushy consistence.
（5)他訴說間歇性腹瀉與便秘交替發(fā)生。
He complained of intermittent diarrhea alternating with constipation.
※便秘
-便秘 suffer from constipation
-慣性便秘 habitual constipation
-時常便秘 be always constipated
-有便秘傾向 have a tendency to be constipated
-只有灌腸才能緩和嚴重的便秘 one＇s severe constipation was relieved only by
enemas
Ex1:便秘很難治，他以前常乞靈于瀉藥。
The constipation was very obstinate (stubborn) and he resorted to the frequent use of cathartics.
Ex2:她的便秘逐漸嚴重起來，同時發(fā)覺到糞便直徑變細。
She became progressively more constipated and noted a narrowing in the caliber of
the stools.醫(yī).學 全,在.線,提供www.med126.com
※腹瀉
-晨瀉，水瀉，粘液性腹瀉，慢性腹瀉 diarrhea (morning, watery, mucous, dysenteric, chronic)
-腹瀉 diarrhea (輕癥 mild,拖延的 protracted, 無法控制的 uncontrolled, 難醫(yī)的intractable)
-患腹瀉 suffer from diarrhea; have ( an attack of ) diarrhea; have loose bowels
-短期的腹瀉發(fā)生了 a brief episode of diarrhea occurred
-開始瀉腹(自然消失，于兩天后消失) diarrhea commenced ( spontaneously disappeared, cleared after 2 days)
-偶而瀉肚子 have occasional diarrhea
-腹瀉厲害，在3~7次之間 diarrhea varied in severity from 3 to 7 B.M.
-不得不服藥 be obliged to take physics
-腹瀉未因吃脫脂牛奶而轉(zhuǎn)佳 received skim milk without any improvement in the diarrhea
-用瀉藥 use a purgative
Ex1:他患腹瀉，每天有8~10次帶有粘液，膿和鮮紅色血的大便。
He developed diarrhea with the daily passage of 8~10 stools containing mucous, pus, and bright red blood.
Ex2:以前他患過同樣的腹瀉，但從來沒有這么嚴重過。
He previously had similar attacks of diarrhea but they were never so severe.
