動(dòng)詞
從一定意義上講,英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法就是動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)法,因此,掌握動(dòng)詞的特性、變化、句型是學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的重中之重。為了能更好地理解下面的講課內(nèi)容,首先要搞清動(dòng)詞的幾個(gè)基本概念。
1) be 動(dòng)詞和do動(dòng)詞:be動(dòng)詞也稱(chēng)狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞,用于說(shuō)明狀態(tài)或性質(zhì),主要用于構(gòu)成英語(yǔ)的主系表句型;do動(dòng)詞也稱(chēng)為行為動(dòng)詞,分及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞;
2) 及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞:不及物動(dòng)詞后面不跟賓語(yǔ), 也沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài); 及物動(dòng)詞后面一定要有賓語(yǔ);
3) 雙賓語(yǔ)(直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ))結(jié)構(gòu)和復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ) + 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))結(jié)構(gòu):比較下面兩個(gè)句子:
My mother made me a cake.(母親給我做了塊蛋糕。)
My father made me a doctor. (父親把我培養(yǎng)成一名醫(yī)生。)
第一句是雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)醫(yī)學(xué)全在.線.提供, m.52667788.cn,即 My mother made a cake for me.
第二句是復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu),其句法功能為:My father made me (to) be a doctor (I am a doctor). 說(shuō)明復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)中,賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之間有"主謂關(guān)系".
4) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞:must, should, ought to, can, may, need, used to 等動(dòng)詞稱(chēng)為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,有三大特征:A. 不受主語(yǔ)人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的影響,如:He may go now. / May I go now? 句中may的形式不變;B. 否定時(shí)在后面加not, 如:You ought not to have cheated her. C. 與另一動(dòng)詞連用,中間不用 + " to ", 如上舉例。
請(qǐng)根據(jù)上述原則,(從語(yǔ)法角度)說(shuō)出以下那種表達(dá)方式是對(duì)的:
A. She needs to see a doctor.
B. She doesn't need to see a doctor.
C. Does she need to see a doctor?
D. She needs not see a doctor.
E. She needn't see a doctor.
F. She doesn't need see a doctor.
G. She needs see a doctor.
從語(yǔ)法角度看,A、B、C、E是對(duì)的。
5) 助動(dòng)詞:幫助實(shí)意動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成某種結(jié)構(gòu)的詞,如: He did come yesterday; I saw him in the office.(他昨天確實(shí)來(lái)了;我在辦公室見(jiàn)到他的! 表示強(qiáng)調(diào)
2015年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)考試常用語(yǔ)法詳解完整版