依據(jù)電鏡提示分離出的厭氧菌,根據(jù)其形態(tài)特點(diǎn)、生化分析、藥敏結(jié)果及請(qǐng)教中國(guó)科學(xué)院微生物研究所的放線菌專家,初步確定為放線菌,并按藥敏結(jié)果成功救活首例患者(另文).目前許多皮膚病學(xué)中仍將放線菌病歸在真菌感染類內(nèi)[2-4] ,但放線菌為細(xì)菌的一個(gè)目,已分出53個(gè)屬、數(shù)千個(gè)種,至少有11個(gè)屬可致放線菌病[5] .放線菌為兼性厭氧菌,本病中分離出的細(xì)菌為嚴(yán)格厭氧菌,分離極其困難,另外本病的臨床特點(diǎn)及病理改變不同于目前已知的各種放線菌病[3,4,6] ,并能除外結(jié)節(jié)病[1,7,8] 、非典型分枝桿菌病[9-11] 等幾種相似疾患,故認(rèn)為系一種新的疾病[2] .細(xì)菌培養(yǎng)涂片見(jiàn)分離純化的放線菌形態(tài)、大小不一,染色不均,多為桿菌形態(tài).由于細(xì)菌存在于吞噬細(xì)胞內(nèi),多數(shù)已被溶酶體酶溶解消化,電鏡下所見(jiàn)的形態(tài)表現(xiàn)更為多樣性,除少數(shù)可分辨出細(xì)菌外,所見(jiàn)主要為大小、形狀多樣的次級(jí)溶酶體.電鏡在該病的 診斷中發(fā)揮了關(guān)鍵作用,但電鏡下所見(jiàn)的細(xì)菌形態(tài)不足以確定某種細(xì)菌,組織內(nèi)的細(xì)菌也不能代表某種細(xì)菌的基本形態(tài).由于細(xì)菌對(duì)厭氧條件的要求高,分離后于未能作進(jìn)一步鑒定及留作電鏡觀察前即已死亡,純化的細(xì)菌超微結(jié)構(gòu)形態(tài)有待今后觀察.
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